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The Yangtze River is recognized as the longest river in China, stretching about 6,300 kilometers (3,917 miles). It plays a crucial role in the country’s ecology, economy, and culture. The Yangtze is significant not just for its length, but also as a major waterway for transport, agriculture, and hydroelectric power generation, including the famous Three Gorges Dam, the largest hydroelectric power station in the world.

In contrast, the Yellow River, which is often referred to as the "cradle of Chinese civilization," is shorter at approximately 5,464 kilometers (3,395 miles) and has its own historical importance, particularly for its role in the development of early Chinese societies. The Lancang River, known in its upper reaches as the Mekong River, is considerably shorter and flows through multiple countries in Southeast Asia. The Xi River, mainly serving the southern provinces of China, is also shorter than the Yangtze. Thus, the Yangtze River holds the title of the longest river in China due to its extensive length and vital contributions to the nation.